S. peruvianum usage

[Tom Wagner]

I get lots of email that the readers never see. This is meant to be a share with others.
It is mostly a quote responder

Will peruvianum cross with pimpinellifolium?
What characteristics does this species pass on to crosses?

Although the debate concerning Lycopersicon is still on, it is generally considered to consist of eight species. Dr. C.M. Rick, whom has spent a lifetime collecting and researching tomato genetics, has divided the species into two complexes (the L.esculentum complex and the L. peruvianum complex) based on their ability to cross with the common tomato Lycopersicon esculentum. The species can be classified differently when one considers geographic distribution, morphological features and compatability relations (see Taylor, 1986). We will consider the classification by Rick to examine the differing species.

The L.esculentum complex consists of six other species which are relatively easy to cross with the common tomato. All species in this group are diploid (2n = 2x = 24). Most (except L. hirsutum f. typicum and some L. pennellii) are self-compatible. They have yellow flowers and the stamens are joined to produce an anther cone. Fruit color varies depending on the species. Several members of this complex have provided sources of pest resistance in the cultivated tomato.

The L. peruvianum complex consists of two extremely diverse species which only hybridize with great difficulty. Both are diploid (2n = 2x = 24) and both occupy unique environments. These two species represent a wealth of characteristics which are potentially valuable to the cultivated forms. Their fruits are green and they are mostly self-incompatible. These species have been limited in their usefulness to cultivated forms due to various barriers present in sexual transfer (convential breeding). Often expensive techniques like embryo rescue are required to obtain plants from these crosses. However there are a few documented examples of crosses which have been utilized, for instance tobacco mosaic virus resistance and nematode resistance can be traced to sucessful sexual crosses between L. esculentum and L chilense.

The L.esculentum complex
L. esculentum
L. esculentum var. cerasiforme
L. pimpinellifolium
L. cheesmanii
L. cheesmanii f. minor
L. parviflorum
L. chmielewskii
L. hirsutum f. typicum
L. hirsutum f. glabratum
L. pennellii

The L. peruvianum complex
L. chilense
L. peruvianum

There are some interesting Hawaiian varieties that trace back to some peruvianum parentage?

Kauai - Breeder: Veg. Crops Dept., University of Hawaii, Honolulu. Parentage: complicated crosses of L. peruvianum, L. pimpinellifolium, and eight cultivars of L. esculentum. Characteristics: medium early, medium open, indeterminate habit, good vigor; immature fruit, uniform very light green, medium large, globe, size holds up. Resistance: fusarium wilt, gray leaf spot, Hawaiian spotted wilt. Adaptation: regionally to Hawaii, cooler elevations and seasons. Hawaii Agric. Expt. Sta. Bul. 103. April, 1950. 1950

Lanai - Breeder: Veg. Crops. Dept., University of Hawaii, Honolulu. Parentage: complicated crosses of Lycopersicon peruvianum, L. pimpinellifolium, and six cultivars of L. esculentum. Characteristics: medium early, determinate, open sprawling vine, good vigor, immature fruit uniform light green color; mature fruit scarlet, medium-large, deep. Resistance: fusarium wilt, gray leaf spot, Hawaiian spotted wilt. Adaptation: regionally to Hawaii with the exception of the warmest and coolest elevations and seasons. Hawaii Agric. Expt. Sta. Bul. 103 April, 1950. 1950.

Maui - Breeder: Veg. Crops Dept., University of Hawaii, Honolulu. Parentage: complicated crosses of L. peruvianum, L pimpinellifolium, and seven cultivars and lines of L. esculentum. Characteristics: medium early, determinate, sprawling, open, vigor medium to good; immature fruit uniform very light green; mature fruit scarlet, medium-large globe. Resistance: fusarium wilt, gray leaf spot, Hawaiian spotted wilt. Adaptation: regionally to Hawaii, moderate elevations and seasons. Hawaii Agric. Expt. Sta. Bul. 103 April 1950. 1950.

Molokai - Breeder: Veg. Crops Dept., University of Hawaii, Honolulu. Parentage: complicated crosses of L. peruvianum, L. pimpinellifolium, and seven cultivars and lines of L. esculentum. Characteristics: medium early, semi-open, stocky vine, vigor medium; immature fruit uniform very light green; ripe fruit scarlet, medium large, deep. Resistance: fusarium wilt race 1, gray leaf spot, Hawaiian spotted wilt. Adaptation: regionally to Hawaii, moderate elevations and seasons. Hawaii Agric. Expt. Sta. Bul. 103. April, 1950. 1950.

Niihau - Breeder: Veg. Crops Dept., University of Hawaii, Honolulu. Parentage: complicated crosses of L. peruvianum, L. pimpinellifolium, and eight cultivars of L. esculentum. Characteristics: midseason determinate, sprawling, semi-open, plants with good vigor immature fruit uniform very light green; mature fruit scarlet, flattish globe. Resistance: fusarium wilt, gray leaf spot, Hawaiian spotted wilt. Adaptation: regionally to Hawaii, moderate temperatures; does well in home gardens. Hawaii Agric. Expt. Sta. Bul. 103 April, 1950. 1950.

Oahu - Breeder: Veg. Crops Dept., University of Hawaii, Honolulu. Parentage: complicated crosses of L. peruvianum, L. pimpinellifolium, and eight cultivars of L. esculentum. Characteristics: early determinate medium open, short compact vine with fair vigor; immature fruit uniform, very light green; mature fruit scarlet, medium large globe. Resistance: fusarium wilt, gray leaf spot, Hawaiian spotted wilt. Similar: Bounty. Adaptation: regionally to Hawaii, warmest elevations and seasons. Hawaii Agric. Expt. Sta. Bul. 103. April, 1950. 1950.

0thers but not from Hawaii:

Owyhee - Breeder and vendor: Idaho Agric. Expt. Sta. Branch, Parma, Idaho. Parentage: Sioux x (Curly-top resistant line of L. peruvianum x Bison). Characteristics: dark-green foliage, indeterminate vine, small cored fruit. Resistance: curly top virus. Similar: Sioux. University of Idaho Bul. no. 298. 1959.

Nemared - Breeder and vendor: Oklahoma Agric. Expt. Sta., Stillwater. Parentage: Lycopersicon esculentum x L peruvianum with three bc to L. esculentum. Characteristics: determinate, uniform ripening, globe fruit; midseason. Resistance: root-knot nematodes. Similar: Sioux. Adaptation: Oklahoma and the southwestern United States. 1962.

Parma (2521) - Breeder: University of Idaho. Res. and Ext. Center, Parma. Vendor: various seedsmen. Parentage: L peruvianum, L. pimpinellifolium, L. esculentum. Characteristics: open pollinated, determinate large fruit (3 to 4 inches) solid, good slicer or for processing. Resistance: verticillium and fusarium wilts and curly top. Similar: Ace. Adaptation: western United States. 1976.

Red Lode (3219) - Breeder: University of Idaho Res. and Ext. Center, Parma. Vendor: various seedsmen. Parentage: L. peruvianum and L. esculentum. Characteristics: open pollinated, determinate small plant concentrated fruit set, good yield, excellent for paste and fresh market. Resistance: verticillium and fusarium wilts, curly top, fruit rots, cracking. Similar: Ace. Adaptation: western United States.

Payette (PID-11) - Breeder and vendor: University of Idaho, Parma, Idaho. Parentage: L. peruvianum, L. hirsutum, Bison, Stokesdale, Sioux, Bounty. Characteristics: dwarf, compact plant; fruit early (1 week earlier than Sioux), smooth, red, medium sized, good yields. Resistance: curly top. Similar: Epoch. Adaptation: southwestern United States and southern Idaho. University of Idaho Bul. 1962.

Hawaiian VARIETY BUT NO PERUVIANUM BACKGROUND"

Pearl Harbor - Breeder: Veg. Crops Dept., University of Hawaii, Honolulu. Parentage: Bounty x BC-10 (F6) of Calif. 13306 x Red Currant x 133-6). Characteristics: sets fruit well in warm weather. Resistance: high to Hawaii strain of tomato spotted wilt virus. Similar: Bounty. Adaptation: regionally to low (warm) elevation in Hawaii. Hawaii Agric. Expt. Sta. Circ. 24. 1945. 1946.

Interesting reading
tgc.ifas.ufl.edu/vol50/Volume50.pdf
page 30 Lycopersicon chilense-derived bridge lines for introgressing L. peruvianum traits into the esculentum genome

identified two peruvianum“Marañon” accessions, LA 1708 and LA 2172, which set 0.2 seed/fruit in crosses with L.esculentum

[Majas]

This site says a number of tomato varieties listed at it (see the tomato links near the bottom) have S. peruvianum in their breeding: cucurbitbreeding.com/todd-wehner/publications/vegetable-cultivar-descriptions-for-north-america/

[Majas]

Bicentennial, Hawaii, Kauai, Lanai, Maui, Molokai, Niihau, Oahu, Parma, Super Star, and Vantage are supposed to have both S. peruvianum and S. pimpinellifolium in their breeding.

[Tom Wagner]

Whenever I get an assistant I will relaunch my interest my breeding with some of those varieties

Thanks